The Importance Of Memory Continuity Philosophy Essay

The Importance Of Memory Continuity Philosophy Essay In this section I will show that recollections are imperative to our origination of ourselves and the characters of others, however are problematic and not the only one adequate for guaranteeing the congruity of ones personality. I accept that progressively mental components are required in occasions where recollections are wrong or have been overlooked. Awareness is a troublesome term to characterize however. Thomas Reid brings up that we can't be aware of the past, as you can just ever be aware of the present (Reid, p. 222). So maybe Locke implies it is our recollections which make us a similar individual as we were yesterday. The issue with this is I can recollect what my flatmates were doing yesterday, yet this doesn't make me indistinguishable with my flatmates. So it should just be first-individual memory, from my own point of view, which exhibits that I am indistinguishable with myself from yesterday. Joseph Butler protests that this outcomes in a roundabout situation, as having first-individual recollections infers my recalling that I played out those activities (Butler, p. 324). In any case, we can see that somebody would be able to wake up with amnesia, comprehending what activities they had performed as of late however with no thought what their identity is. In this way, it is conceivable to isolate first-individual memory from character. This is the position famously ascribed to Locke. Yet, does this imply I stop to act naturally when I rest, or that when I incidentally overlook that I went cycling yesterday I am not, at this point the individual who went cycling yesterday? Locke would not accept this to be the situation. For whatever length of time that I recollected when I was provoked or woken up then I would in any case be a similar individual. Be that as it may, imagine a scenario in which I was unable to recall, even with inciting. For instance, somebody with Alzheimers malady may endure loss of memory of late occasions. There was additionally the situation of David Fitzpatrick, who endured a dissociative fugue at age 25, making him overlook everything about his life before the fugue (Channel Fives The Man With No Past). As Lockes hypothesis of character identified with the duty of the operator, Locke would need to state that David Fitzpatrick couldn't be considered liable for any of the activities, fortunate or unfortunate, he had completed before his fugue. We are hesitant to acknowledge that individuals are not liable for activities they can't remember submitting. A qualification which should be attracted Lockes position on responsibility is the distinction between being aware of an activity now and being aware of it when it was being dedicated. For instance, (sleepwalker?) was not indicted for the homicide of his dad since he perpetrated the wrongdoing while snoozing. Since he was obviously not aware of the activities he was performing, he was not considered liable for them. Be that as it may, somebody who purposefully harms numerous individuals and later overlooks what he has done ought not be esteemed guiltless. As this relates to personality, we can see that there might be portions of our lives we can not remember anymore. For instance, the vast majority of us review almost no of our youth. Thomas Reid articles to this component of Lockes hypothesis of character with a renowned model. A little youngster is whipped for taking apples, grows up to turn into an official and later turns into a general. The official was lashed, and the general was an official, however the general doesn't recall being flagellated. As indicated by Locke this implies the general isn't a similar individual as he was as a kid. Reid contends, nonetheless, that character is transitive (Reid, p.249). This implies since the general was an official, and the official was lashed, the general is indistinguishable with the kid who was flagellated, which implies Lockes reaction is illogical. In any case, personality isn't really transitive. For instance, the cup by my bed was full the previous evening however toward the beginni ng of today it is unfilled. This doesn't imply that the cup I see toward the beginning of today is distinctive to the one that was there the previous evening. Not all characteristics must continue as before all together for individuals and items to be the equivalent after some time. The main viewpoint which Locke says must be predictable is our awareness. ( A tremendous issue with Lockes hypothesis is the likelihood that one may have recollections which have gotten mutilated after some time, or out and out bogus. Recollections are incredibly delicate, and handily drove by recommendations from others. For instance, Locke clarifies that, on account of one who dishonestly languishes coerce over somebody elses wrongdoing, when we get to Heaven, God will guarantee that the main recollections we have and can be considered liable for are our own (Locke, p. 473). In any case, with the goal for God to figure out which recollections are our own, he should have the option to figure out what our identity is. Locke can't clarify how God decides this, and why we can't utilize Gods standards rather than Lockes imperfect framework. A comparative issue for Locke is instances of amnesia, whereby an individual overlooks everything of their past. A renewed individual may appear to develop after the scene. Be that as it may, imagine a scenario where they later recouped their memory. Correspondingly, what befalls their old self during times of personality misfortune. Would it be a good idea for us to consider the old individual to have passed on? Be that as it may, at that point when they return we could just consider them to have returned to life. So body expected to go about as a sort of walled in area for the recollections, taking into consideration a coherence during times of memory or mental misfortune. Tan Tai Wei expresses that the trickiness of recollections implies that we need more so as to guarantee ones character. He asserts that our bodies are important for the verification of our recollections. [http://www.springerlink.com/content/jm4072410n14l705/]. As showed in past parts, the main significant parts of our body are the cerebrum and our hereditary make-up. However these don't appear to offer any dependable validation of our recollections. Rather, I accept that what we ourselves would consider significant for the continuation of our character is our brain science: our convictions, conclusions, mentalities and interests. J. Head servant, Analogy of Religion, Harper and Brothers, New York, 1860. J. Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, (ed.) T. J. Cobden-Sanderson and J. F. Pigeon, Oxford University, Oxford, 1828. T. Reid, Essays on the Intellectual Powers of Man, in: The Works of Thomas Reid, Vol. 1, (ed.) MacLaughlan and Stewart, Edinburgh, 1872. The Man With No Past 2006, TV program, Extraordinary People, Channel Five, UK, fifteenth November.

Economics South Africa in the Global Economy

Question: Examine about theEconomicsfor South Africa in the Global Economy. Answer: South Africa in the Global Economy. Discussion Motion: South Africa has a Strong Place in the BRICS Group. It is seen that the job of South Africa assumes an indispensable job in the worldwide economy. South Africa has gone into the universal exchange network with satisfaction and is satisfying the necessities to a significant expand. The nation has developed from different monetary issues. There was time that on account of the unpredictable money related approaches, there were emergency in South Africas local economy. Yet, with the adjustment in the monetary structure the nation had figured out how to develop alongside the development of globalization. Globalization is pointed with the coordination of various nations and the equivalent had helped South Africa to build up a powerful structure in the worldwide economy (Cecile, Gilles Philippe, 2012). It is seen that there is parcel of irregularity in the economy of the nation. Battle to get the equalization in the economy has made the nation sufficiently competent to confront the difficulties. South Africa presently positions in furnishing top-class organizations and with the immense mining ventures; the accessibility of minerals is a favorable position for it. The inadequacy of gifted work has expanded the expense of wages there (Popescu, 2013). With the recuperation of the world economy there is a parity that is been created in the nation. It is the obligation of the legislature that will help in the development advertisement defeat of the economy and how to recoup from it. After the destruction in the economy by and large the administration of the nation has figured out how to come out of the circumstance effectively (Stumpf Vermaak, 2010). BRICS, a financial affiliation framed with the target of giving help between the part nations. The part nations of the affiliation are Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. South Africa joined the relationship on 24th December, 2010. South Africa was welcomed in the gathering with the article to expand the commitment to the gathering. During the exploration it was seen that South Africa has profited a ton from the BRICS. The significant favorable circumstances were in the field of science, fund, equity, security, horticulture, and so forth. The Africa exchange has expanded after it has entered in the BRICS gathering. The notoriety of the nation has expanded before the World Bank promotion this had prompted different focal points for the nation. It was seen that with the section of South Africa in the BRICS bunch has pulled in numerous speculators for the nation. Numerous Chinese financial specialists has visited South Africa with the plan to contribute there. Likewise the minerals that are accessible in the nation had helped it to add to the worldwide economy. This has expanded the progression of interest in the nation from the related gatherings as well as from different nations around the world. Toward the end we can say that South Africa is a nation which has created itself advertisement had figured out how to come out of the circumstance of low economy (nay, 2013). By going into the BRICS bunch the relationship just as the nation had profited in general. There is no uncertainty that South Africa holds a decent situation in the BRICS gatherings and the gathering has profited out of it, and yet the section in the gathering had helped South Africa to develop all in all. Other Emerging Economies in a Globalizing World. Discussion Motion: The BRICS are presently Being Challenged by other Emerging Economies. Globalization is the movement with the target to grant accessibility of assets of the considerable number of nations to one another. With this there are different economies which are rising for the advantages of the nations related with it. BRICS is the best model for the equivalent. BRICS is an affiliation which was framed for the advantages of the nations which are related with the gathering. The article was to give the advantage of accounts, speculation, security and so on to the nations which are a piece of BRICS for different nations. From right around 10 years the political significance of BRICS has been expanding (Dianne, 2012). This solidarity they have provided them a more grounded order over different worldwide establishments, for example, World Bank. BRICS had enables the creating organizations to like India and South Africa able to remain in the worldwide market. With the development of different economies in the globalized world the upside of huge worldwide market has ex panded. Different economies give an exceptional favorable position to the gathering nations. With these rises there is likewise expanded obligation of the worldwide market. It is seen that the favorable position that is given to just the gathering nations which may bring about change in conduct of such nations with the exchange strategies of different nations. Different economies need to work with considering the way that it is working in a worldwide market all in all and can't upset the equalization of the equivalent (Cheru, 2016). With this we can say that the development of different economies in the globalized market may appear to be at a little scope at present yet has a wide extension in future. The projections appear to be focused on high development level and the equivalent will be cultivated. With the other rising economies the BRICS is been tested. It is seen that there is a need to grow new models and drew nearer to cooperate with the remainder of the nations (Sechel Ciobanu, 2014). Regardless of how well the functioning of the nations of BRICS is going inside themselves, it is imperative to develop the exchange and correspondence with different nations also. There is a need to work with one another and for this new models are to be created. The distinction in the political status of the BRICS nations and different nations is one of the reason that is been an obstacle for the exchange with different nations. BRICS have been dealing with the nations with comparative political and social foundation, however with different economies it got significant for them to grow better approaches for working. Different nations which are not the piece of BRICS are asset full and have received a created strategy to get the most extreme out of the accessible assets. This in result is driving the work from creating nations of BRICS at a lower rate (Harmer et al., 2013). With this we can reason that it is getting hard for the BRICS to work effectively after the rise of different economies, and so as to beat this there is a need to redesign the working arrangements of BRICS. References Cecile Bastidon Gilles, Nicolas Huchet, Philippe Gilles. (2012). Enhancement Effects and Unconventional Monetary Policies. Hypothetical and Applied Economics, 2(567)(2(567)), 13-30. Cheru, F. (2016). Rising Southern forces and new types of SouthSouth participation: Ethiopias vital commitment with China and India. Third World Quarterly, 37(4), 592-610. Dianne Lynne Bevelander. (2012). Who is connecting with whom? Internationalizing open doors for business colleges in developing economies. Universal Journal of Educational Management, 26(7), 646-663. Harmer, A., Xiao, Y., Missoni, E., Tediosi, F. (2013). 'BRICS without straw'? An orderly writing survey of recently developing economies' impact in worldwide wellbeing. Globalization and Health, 9(1), Globalization and Health, April 15, 2013, Vol.9(1). Popescu, Gheorghe H. (2013). The developing load of the BRICs in the worldwide economy. Psychosociological Issues in Human Resource Management, 1(2), 48. Sechel Ioana-Cristina, Ciobanu Gheorghe. (2014). Qualities of the developing business sector economies - BRICS, from the point of view of stock trade markets. Archives of the University of Oradea: Economic Science, 23(1), 40-49. Stumpf, Vermaak. (2010). The job of innovation in remaking South Africa's economy towards worldwide intensity. Universal Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, 66(1), 3-16. nay, S. (2013). Reality or Mirage?: BRICS and the Making of Multipolarity in the Global Political Economy. Knowledge Turkey, 15(3), 77-94.

Life After A Collage

Life After A Collage Hello from the other side! Like the wizened, immortal Jess Kim, I am finally An Old Person, relatively speaking. Work As mentioned in my graduation entry, I work at Bluefin Labs, a startup of roughly 20 engineers and data scientists (although we are ~50 people in total) based in Kendall Square, just a few blocks from MIT. I’m the youngest employee and the only new grad they’ve ever hired, so when I found out they were going to have interns for the summer, I was all like, “yay! I will not be the least experienced person there!” all of the interns were Ph.D students. “Rachel, are you even old enough to go to a bar?” (“Of course! barely.”) My first month-and-a-bit was spent building a custom charting package to analyze social media commentary relevant to brands and topics. Only two weeks in, we released the first iteration of the software as a tool to compare stats on some of the most popular Olympics topics (who the heck is this Ryan Lochte guy and why are his fans overwhelmingly female?). A few weeks after that, at a company-wide all hands meeting, founder Deb Roy pulled up the app I made*, went to some detergent brand’s page, and demonstrated how a layman could target and optimize ad campaigns to save millions of dollars using our next-day data analysis, all in about two minutes. My lower jaw promptly unhinged itself from my skull and clattered to the floor in a heap of mandibular disarray. #obliviouscodemonkey *I cant give you guys access to a live demo because its proprietarysorry :( I first touched web development less than a year ago, and that project was the first time I’ve ever exercised it in an industry setting. MIT, thanks for beating me senseless with unintuitive C optimization hacks and unrealistically hard algorithmic brainteasers until learning common industry paradigms became utterly trivial. Life As a vehicle-less resident of the same hall in East Campus for all four years, including preorientation, and two summers of my undergraduatehood, I unintentionally limited my opportunities for landing in chummy situations with a wide variety of living groups. A lot of pset groups like to meet up in East Campus, because when it’s getting close to the 9am deadline and the pset drop boxes are two buildings over, you might as well work nearby to minimize the risk of passing out before ferrying the pset to the rendezvous point. People almost always came to me when it was time to work. So, it’s a good idea to occasionally change up your living situation, even if you just do it for a summer, and meeting your new housemates’ friends. No regrets about staying on the same hall during the academic portions of the last four years, though. I love EC enough that I creepily/cruftily went back to help with rush, take tons of i3 footage, and make 5W’s rush posters. What now that Im no longer living in EC? Geographically, my new apartment is at the time-weighted average of every location I frequent in Cambridge! This might not actually be the most convenient location, had I not LEARNED HOW TO RIDE A BIKE THIS SUMMER. It took forty minutes. I should have done it the instant I set foot on campus four years ago. Live and learn (and wear a helmet). Oh, and my housemates have kittens. So many kittens. They are as fearless as they are photogenic, which is heaven for my lens. Cant forget this familiar face. Play A few things I made this summer now that Im no longer scrabbling for graduation requirements: Music videos!   argh there might be some weird desyncing nonsense going on also dont ask why I thought it would be a good idea to shoot handheld with a manual focus portrait-length lens amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;br /amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; Murals! Bread! Three-bite baguettes are even more delicious than regular ones. A personal website!  Its Google pagerank is nonexistent because I quickly threw it together yesterday morning, but I bet you can find it yourself if you are sufficiently creepy. Im one of those weirdos who actually misses the interesting pset problems and mind-shattering all-nighters of MIT, but I have to admit that working only nine hours a day and having the other fifteen hours completely free for fun and (gasp) sleep is a refreshing change of pace. You’ll hear this a lot from alums, particularly grad students. (Don’t worry, most of us make it.)

Olfactory System - Sense of Smell

The olfactory system is responsible for our sense of smell. This sense, also known as olfaction, is one of our five main senses and involves the detection and identification of molecules in the air. Once detected by sensory organs, nerve signals are sent to the brain where the signals are processed. Our sense of smell is closely linked our sense of taste as both rely on the perception of molecules. It is our sense of smell that allows us to detect the flavors in the foods we eat. Olfaction is one of our most powerful senses. Our sense of smell can ignite memories as well as influence our mood and behavior. Olfactory System Structures   Patrick J. Lynch, medical illustrator / Creative Commons / Wikimedia Commons Our sense of smell is a complex process that depends on sensory organs, nerves, and the brain. Structures of the olfactory system include: Nose: opening containing nasal passages that allows outside air to flow into the nasal cavity. Also a component of the respiratory system, it humidifies, filters, and warms the air inside the nose.Nasal cavity: cavity divided by the nasal septum into left and right passages. It is lined with mucosa.Olfactory epithelium: specialized type of epithelial tissue in nasal cavities that contains olfactory nerve cells and receptor nerve cells. These cells send impulses to the olfactory bulb.Cribriform plate: a porous extension of the ethmoid bone, which separates the nasal cavity from the brain. Olfactory nerve fibers extend through the holes in the cribriform to reach the olfactory bulbs.Olfactory nerve: nerve (first cranial nerve) involved in olfaction. Olfactory nerve fibers extend from the mucous membrane, through the cribriform plate, to the olfactory bulbs.Olfactory bulbs: bulb-shaped structures in the forebrain where olfactory nerves end and the olfactory tract begins.Olfactory tract: band of nerve fibers that extend from each olfactory bulb to the olfactory cortex of the brain.Olfactory cortex: area of the cerebral cortex that processes information about odors and receives nerve signals from the olfactory bulbs. Our Sense of Smell Our sense of smell works by the detection of odors. Olfactory epithelium located in the nose contains millions of chemical receptors that detect odors. When we sniff, chemicals in the air are dissolved in mucus. Odor receptor neurons in olfactory epithelium detect these odors and send the signals on to the olfactory bulbs. These signals are then sent along olfactory tracts to the olfactory cortex of the brain through sensory transduction. The olfactory cortex is vital for the processing and perception of odor. It is located in the temporal lobe of the brain, which is involved in organizing sensory input. The olfactory cortex is also a component of the limbic system. This system is involved in the processing of our emotions, survival instincts, and memory formation. The olfactory cortex has connections with other limbic system structures such as the amygdala, hippocampus, and hypothalamus. The amygdala is involved in forming emotional responses (particularly fear responses) and memories, the hippocampus indexes and stores memories, and the hypothalamus regulates emotional responses. It is the limbic system that connects senses, such as odors, to our memories and emotions. Sense of Smell and Emotions The connection between our sense of smell and emotions is unlike that of the other senses because olfactory system nerves connect directly to brain structures of the limbic system. Odors can trigger both positive and negative emotions as aromas are associated with specific memories. Additionally, studies have demonstrated that the emotional expressions of others can influence our olfactory sense. This is due to activity of an area of the brain known as the piriform cortex which is activated prior to odor sensation. The piriform cortex processes visual information and creates an expectation that a particular fragrance will smell pleasant or unpleasant. Therefore, when we see a person with a disgusted facial expression before sensing an odor, there is an expectation that the odor is unpleasant. This expectation influences how we perceive the odor. Odor Pathways Odors are detected through two pathways. The first is the orthonasal pathway which involves odors that are sniffed in through the nose. The second is the retronasal pathway which is a pathway that connects the top of the throat to the nasal cavity. In the orthonasal pathway, odors that enter the nasal passages and are detected by chemical receptors in the nose. The retronasal pathway involves aromas that are contained within the foods we eat. As we chew food, odors are released that travel through the retronasal pathway connecting the throat to the nasal cavity. Once in the nasal cavity, these chemicals are detected by olfactory receptor cells in the nose. Should the retronasal pathway become blocked, the aromas in foods we eat cannot reach odor detecting cells in the nose. As such, the flavors in the food cannot be detected. This often happens when a person has a cold or sinus infection. Smell Disorders Individuals with smell disorders have difficulty detecting or perceiving odors. These difficulties may result from factors such as smoking, aging, upper respiratory infection, head injury, and exposure to chemicals or radiation. Anosmia is a condition defined by the inability to detect odors. Other types of smell defects include parosmia (a distorted perception of odors) and phantosmia (odors are hallucinated.) Hyposmia, the diminished sense of smell, is also linked to the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinsons and Alzheimers disease. Sources Neuroscience News. â€Å"How the Emotions of Others Influence Our Olfactory Sense.†Ã‚  Neuroscience News, 24 Aug. 2017.Sarafoleanu, C, et al. â€Å"The Importance of the Olfactory Sense in the Human Behavior and Evolution.†Ã‚  Journal of Medicine and Life, Carol Davila University Press, 2009.â€Å"Smell Disorders.†Ã‚  National Institute of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 16 Jan. 2018.

Teacher Is The Best Teacher - 1747 Words

Teachers are innately known as being influential in the lives of their students. Throughout their school experience, everyone has their favorite teacher or teachers. I certainly had my share of favorites. Even those that I didn t love still made an impact on me and we re incredibly memorable. To this day, both the good and bad (as I saw it) teachers from my past 12 years of learning have been inspirations that have shaped my desire to become a teacher. As a kindergartner, Mrs. Bryant was the best teacher a child could ask for. Though I can t remember much specific details about that first year of school, I knew I loved going to class. Mrs. Bryant always greeted me and gave me hugs in the morning. I felt as if she knew me so well; and that, despite the 25 year age gap, she was my not just my teacher but my friend. When all the kids had nap time after recess, Mrs. Bryant would let me read books quietly instead of napping since she knew I could never get myself to nap (or even just sit there pretending to for 30 minutes). I felt especially loved every day as I sat and quietly read. I have since then never completely lost the desire to be a teacher, to be as amazing as Mrs. Bryant. However, when I moved up to the big leagues of first grade, things took a complete 180. Again, my memory is fuzzy, but I still can not recall a single positive moment from that year. And every terrible instance seemed to be at the fault of Mrs. Ball. On the first day of class I used a brand newShow MoreRelatedEssay Best Teacher, Worst Teacher974 Words   |  4 PagesBest Teacher, Worst Teacher Although I have had many different types of teachers, there are two that stick out more than any others. The first was my third and sixth grade teacher. She was the best teacher I ever had. The second was my seventh grade teacher. 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Sarnath Free Essays

The Buddha went from Bodhgaya to Sarnath about 5 weeks after his enlightenment. Before Gautama (the Buddha-to-be) attained enlightenment, he gave up his austere penances and his friends, the Pancavaggiya monks, left him and went to Isipatana. [4] After attaining Enlightenment the Buddha, leaving Uruvela, travelled to the Isipatana to Join and teach them. We will write a custom essay sample on Sarnath or any similar topic only for you Order Now He went to them because, using his spiritual powers, he had seen that his five former companions would be able to understand Dharma quickly. While travelling to Sarnath, Gautama Buddha had to cross the Ganges. Having no money with which to pay the ferryman, he crossed the Ganges through the air. When King Bimbis ¤ra heard of this, he abolished the toll for ascetics. When Gautama Buddha found his five former companions, he taught them, they understood and as a result they also became enlightened. At that time the Sangha, the community of the enlightened ones, was founded. The sermon Buddha gave to the five monks was his irst sermon, called the Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta. It was given on the full-moon day of Asalha PuJa. [5] Buddha subsequently also spent his first rainy season at Sarnath[6] at the Mulagandhakuti. The Sangha had grown to 60 in number (after Yasa and his friends had become monks), and Buddha sent them out in all directions to travel alone and teach the Dharma. All 60 monks were Arahants. Several other incidents connected with the Buddha, besides the preaching of the first sermon, are entioned as having taken place in Isipatana. Here it was that one day at dawn Yasa came to the Buddha and became an Arahant. [7] It was at Isipatana, too, that the rule was passed prohibiting the use of sandals made of talipot leaves. [8] On another occasion when the Buddha was staying at Isipatana, having gone there from R ¤Jagaha, he instituted rules forbidding the use of certain kinds of flesh, including human flesh. [9] Twice, while the Buddha was at Isipatana, M ¤ra visited him but had to go away discomfited. [10] How to cite Sarnath, Papers

The Rise of Technology in India Essay free essay sample

INTRODUCTION The rise of technology in India has brought into force many types of equipment that aim at more customer satisfaction. ATM is one such machine which made money transactions easy for customers to bank. The other side of this improvement is the enhancement of the culprit’s probability to get his ‘unauthentic’ share. Traditionally, security is handled by requiring the combination of a physical access card and a PIN or other password in order to access a customer’s account. This model invites fraudulent attempts through stolen cards, badly-chosen or automatically assigned PINs, cards with little or no encryption schemes, employees with access to non-encrypted customer account information and other points of failure. Our paper proposes an automatic teller machine security model that would combine a physical access card, a PIN, and electronic facial recognition. By forcing the ATM to match a live image of a customer’s face with an image stored in a bank database that is associated with the account number, the damage to be caused by stolen cards and PINs is effectively neutralized. We will write a custom essay sample on The Rise of Technology in India Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Only when the PIN matches the account and the live image and stored image match would a user be considered fully verified. The main issues faced in developing such a model are keeping the time elapsed in the verification process to a negligible amount, allowing for an appropriate level of variation in a customer’s face when compared to the database image, and that credit cards which can be used at ATMs to withdraw funds are generally issued by institutions that do not have in-person contact with the customer, and hence no opportunity to acquire a photo. Because the system would only attempt to match two (and later, a few) discrete images, searching through a large database of possible matching candidates would be unnecessary. The process would effectively become an exercise in pattern matching, which would not require a great deal of time. With appropriate lighting and robust learning software, slight variations could be accounted for in most cases. Further, a positive visual match would cause the live image to be stored in the database so that future transactions would have a broader base from which to compare if the original ccount image fails to provide a match – thereby decreasing false negatives. When a match is made with the PIN but not the images, the bank could limit transactions in a manner agreed upon by the customer when the account was opened, and could store the image of the user for later examination by bank officials. In regards to bank employees gaining access to customer PINs for use in fraudulent transaction s, this system would likewise reduce that threat to exposure to the low limit imposed by the bank and agreed to by the customer on visually unverifiable transactions. In the case of credit card use at ATMs, such a verification system would not currently be feasible without creating an overhaul for the entire credit card issuing industry, but it is possible that positive results (read: significant fraud reduction) achieved by this system might motivate such an overhaul. The last consideration is that consumers may be wary of the privacy concerns raised by maintaining images of customers in a bank database, encrypted or otherwise, due to possible hacking attempts or employee misuse. However, one could argue that having the image compromised by a third party would have far less dire consequences than the account information itself. Furthermore, since nearly all ATMs videotape customers engaging in transactions, it is no broad leap to realize that banks already build an archive of their customer images, even if they are not necessarily grouped with account information. LITERATURE REVIEW For most of the past ten years, the majority of ATMs used worldwide ran under IBM’s now-defunct OS/2. However, IBM hasn’t issued a major update to the operating system in over six years. Movement in the banking world is now going in two directions: Windows and Linux. NCR, a leading world-wide ATM manufacturer, recently announced an agreement to use Windows XP Embedded in its next generation of personalized ATMs (crmdaily. com. ) Windows XP Embedded allows OEMs to pick and choose from the thousands of components that make up Windows XP Professional, including integrated multimedia, networking and database management functionality. This makes the use of off-the-shelf facial recognition code more desirable because it could easily be compiled for the Windows XP environment and the networking and database tools will already be in place. For less powerful ATMs, KAL, a software development company based in Scotland, provides Kalignite CE, which is a modification of the Windows CE platform. This allows developers that target older machines to more easily develop complex user-interaction systems . Many financial institutions are relying on a third choice, Windows NT, because of its stability and maturity as a platform. On an alternative front, the largest bank in the south of Brazil, Banrisul, has installed a custom version of Linux in its set of two thousand ATMs, replacing legacy MS-DOS systems. The ATMs send database requests to bank servers which do the bulk of transaction processing (linux. org. ) This model would also work well for the proposed system if the ATMs processors were not powerful enough to quickly perform the facial recognition algorithms. In terms of the improvement of security standards, MasterCard is spearheading an effort to heighten the encryption used at ATMs. For the past few decades, many machines have used the Data Encryption Standard developed by IBM in the mid 1970s that uses a 56-bit key. DES has been shown to be rather easily cracked, however, given proper computing hardware. In recent years, a â€Å"Triple DES† scheme has been put forth that uses three such keys, for an effective 168-bit key length. MasterCard now requires new or relocated ATMs to use the Triple DES scheme, and by April, 2005, both Visa and MasterCard will require that any ATM that supports their cards must use Triple DES. ATM manufacturers are now developing newer models that support Triple DES natively; such redesigns may make them more amenable to also including snapshot cameras and facial recognition software, more so than they would be in regards to retrofitting pre-existing machines . There are hundreds of proposed and actual implementations of facial recognition technology from all manner of vendors for all manner of uses. However, for the model proposed in this paper, we are interested only in the process of facial verification – matching a live image to a predefined image to verify a claim of identity – not in the process of facial evaluation – matching a live image to any image in a database. Further, the environmental conditions under which the verification takes place – the lighting, the imaging system, the image profile, and the processing environment – would all be controlled within certain narrow limits, making hugely robust software unnecessary . One leading facial recognition algorithm class is called image template based. This method attempts to capture global features of facial images into facial templates. Neural networks, among other methods, are often used to construct these templates for later matching use. An alternative method, called geometry-based, is to explicitly examine the individual features of a face and the geometrical relationship between those features (Gross. ) What must be taken into account, though, are certain key factors that may change across live images: illumination, expression, and pose (profile. A study was recently conducted of leading recognition algorithms, notably one developed by two researchers at MIT, Baback Moghaddam and Alex Pentland, and one a commercial product from Identix called FaceIt. The MIT program is based on Principal Feature Analysis, an adaptation of template based recognition. FaceIt’s approach uses geometry-based local feature analysis. Both algorithms have to be ini tialized by providing the locations of the eyes in the database image, from which they can create an internal representation of the normalized face. It is this representation to which future live images will be compared . In the study, it was found that both programs handled changes in illumination well. This is important because ATM use occurs day and night, with or without artificial illumination. Likewise, the programs allowed general expression changes while maintaining matching success. However, extreme expressions, such as a scream profile, or squinted eyes, dropped the recognition rates significantly. Lastly, matching profile changes worked reasonably well when the initial training image(s) were frontal, which allowed 70-80% success rates for up to 45 degrees of profile change†¦ however, 70-80% success isn’t amenable to keeping ATM users content with the system. The natural conclusion to draw, then, is to take a frontal image for the bank database, and to provide a prompt to the user, verbal or otherwise, to face the camera directly when the ATM verification process is to begin, so as to avoid the need to account for profile changes. With this and other accommodations, recognition rates for verification can rise above 90%. Also worth noting is that FaceIt’s local feature analysis method handled variations in the test cases slightly better than the PGA system used by the MIT researchers . Another paper shows more advantages in using local feature analysis systems. For internal representations of faces, LFA stores them topographically; that is, it maintains feature relationships explicitly. Template based systems, such as PGA, do not. The advantages of LFA are that analysis can be done on varying levels of object grouping, and that analysis methods can be independent of the topography. In other words, a system can examine just the eyes, or the eyes nose and mouth, or ears, nose, mouth and eyebrows, and so on, and that as better analysis algorithms are developed, they can fit within the data framework provided by LFA The conclusion to be drawn for this project, then, is that facial verification software is currently up to the task of providing high match rates for use in ATM transactions. What remains is to find an appropriate open-source local feature analysis facial verification program that can be used on a variety of platforms, including embedded processors, and to determine behavior protocols for the match / non-match cases. OUR METHODOLOGY The first and most important step of this project will be to locate a powerful open-source facial recognition program that uses local feature analysis and that is targeted at facial verification. This program should be compilable on multiple systems, including Linux and Windows variants, and should be customizable to the extent of allowing for variations in processing power of the machines onto which it would be deployed. We will then need to familiarize ourselves with the internal workings of the program so that we can learn its strengths and limitations. Simple testing of this program will also need to occur so that we could evaluate its effectiveness. Several sample images will be taken of several individuals to be used as test cases – one each for â€Å"account† images, and several each for â€Å"live† images, each of which would vary pose, lighting conditions, and expressions. Once a final program is chosen, we will develop a simple ATM black box program. This program will server as the theoretical ATM with which the facial recognition software will interact. It will take in a name and password, and then look in a folder for an image that is associated with that name. It will then take in an image from a separate folder of â€Å"live† images and use the facial recognition program to generate a match level between the two. Finally it will use the match level to decide whether or not to allow â€Å"access†, at which point it will terminate. All of this will be necessary, of course, because we will not have access to an actual ATM or its software. Both pieces of software will be compiled and run on a Windows XP and a Linux system. Once they are both functioning properly, they will be tweaked as much as possible to increase performance (decreasing the time spent matching) and to decrease memory footprint. Following that, the black boxes will be broken into two components – a server and a client – to be used in a two-machine network. The client code will act as a user interface, passing all input data to the server code, which will handle the calls to the facial recognition software, further reducing the memory footprint and processor load required on the client end. In this sense, the thin client architecture of many ATMs will be emulated. We will then investigate the process of using the black box program to control a USB camera attached to the computer to avoid the use of the folder of â€Å"live† images. Lastly, it may be possible to add some sort of DES encryption to the client end to encrypt the input data and decrypt the output data from the server – knowing that this will increase the processor load, but better allowing us to gauge the time it takes to process. CONCLUSION We thus develop an ATM model that is more reliable in providing security by using facial recognition software. By keeping the time elapsed in the verification process to a negligible amount we even try to maintain the efficiency of this ATM system to a greater degree.

buy custom Higher Education Fees in the UK essay

buy custom Higher Education Fees in the UK essay Student fees in the United Kingdom have increased tremendously over the years. The gradual increase in fees has made UK higher education more expensive. Increased student fees arose from continued government proposals, to raise the figures further. This has led to the emergence of diverse views both in support and against the high student fees. Proponents assert that increased fees would facilitate learning opportunities for the poor. It would promote investments in education institutions, and it would ease taxpayers expenditure on funding education. On the other hand, opponents claim that increased fees would compromise the quality of education. In addition, they claim that it would negatively affect students from the middle class families. All these cases have led to increased debate over the escalating higher education fees in the UK. This paper explicates the cases for and against increasing higher education fees in the UK and the effect on the economy. Increased fees would help students from poor backgrounds access higher education. Students from rich backgrounds would be in a better position, to raise the fees compared to poor students. Hayto Paczuska (2002, P 100) reports that poor students would be covered with fees paid by richer students. The extra amounts arising out of the total fees collected by educational institutions would be forwarded to fund poor students both in the provision of basic need and tuition fees. The contribution by richer students is vital in ensuring that every student with a promising future accesses education. In addition, problems related to wasted brains would be eliminated as the poor access education. Institutions providing higher education would be more balanced in matters relating to class, as education is accessed individuals from diverse backgrounds. This will facilitate an increase in the number of literate individuals because everyones welfare is catered for. Thus, the UK government would be in a better position, to ensure that all students access education and none is left behind because of the failure to meet the required fees. The provision of education to poor students would see them liberate their families from poverty to better living standards as they get to the job market. According to Johnes Johnes (2004, P 112) education for all would promote equality among all the youth regardless of their family backgrounds. Increasing higher education fees is the only way to raise the prospects of poor students advancing their education and reaching their desired goals. It is the only way to increase investments in the education sector by the higher education institutions. Increasing fees would raise more revenue to educational institutions. Educational institutions rely on the fees paid by students, to develop infrastructure and enhance educational research. The increased fees would provide a larger financial base for the institutions and would make it easier for them to invest in the provision of better education. Institutions would be able to advance technologically. According to Accounts (2008, P 110) higher education would only be meaningful if students learn in an environment where they access what they need. The tremendous rise in fees would be the only way toensure educational institutions do not suffer from financial difficulties but make significant improvements as they deem. It would mean that students all over the UK have better and modern learning facilities. Higher education institutions would not have to rely on loans, which attract h igh interests on repayment. They would develop using the funds that are raised by students hence no need to pay interest. It is the only way of securing educational institutions in their efforts to provide education with modern facilities. They would be in a better position, to change and keep up with the continuous changes in the educational sector. In addition, they would be able to compete with other internationally recognized institutions. This will lead to more applications from international students. Everyone would be attracted to join the highly competitive institutions in the UK. Fees need to be increased to raise the levels of investments in the educational sector by institutions. Citizens would be taxed lesser amounts in relation to education funding. Increasing the amount of fees would mean that taxpayers are relieved of the high amounts they have to contribute towards funding higher education. Students would provide the funds required by their institutions hence no need to overtax individuals. Taxpayers would be in a better position, to increase their savings because of the reduced tax burden. Committee (2007, P 133) observes that they would be contributing lesser amounts towards the loans incurred by students in the course of pursuing higher education. This means that those who earn less would be better positioned as they can easily save and make personal investments. Individual students would bear the fees without straining taxpayers. According to Accounts (2008, P 122) educational institutions would rely on funds that they are sure about their inflows instead of depending on taxpayers funds, which could not be reliable in the long run. The ease on taxpay ers would be vital in reducing the level of resistance to higher education in the UK. Opponents claim that fee increments would negatively affect students from the middleclass families. The increased fees would hurt families that are perceived to be at the middleclass level in the UK. This is because the rich students would find it easier to pay the amounts assisted by their wealthy parents. In addition, poor students would be shielded by the funds provides by the rich students. McNay (2006, P 100) intimates that students from middleclass families with average incomes would find it difficult t raise the required fees because of the lack of shielding effects. This could lead to some of them dropping out of school because of the inability to raise the fees required in the institutions. They would not be in a position, to access better living standards because of the high amounts of fees required to keep them in schools. This will see families in the middleclass being pushed into poverty. There would be increased imbalance in the access to quality education as most middl eclass students opt to drop out and seek education at institutions that charge lesser fees. Increased fees would mean suffering among the middleclass hence not desirable. It leads to increased levels of poverty in the UK. The increased fees would compromise quuality standards in education. The quality of the education offered by higher institutions would likely go down because of the increased focus on the fees. They would be keener on raising high amounts of money from students instead of providing education. According to Brown (2004, P 120) students would only be allowed to attend classes after payment of the required amounts. This means that students who fail to comply with the fees requirements would always be sent out of class until they complete the amounts outstanding. Educational institutions would gradually transform into financial institutions aimed at generating income instead of encouraging educational promotion. Increased fees would also lead to rise of class in educational institutions, as students who are unable to raise the required fees are intimidated making them unable to concentrate. This means that they would not be able to deliver their best in academics. They would be forced to deal with intimidating elements instead of concentrating on schoolwork. In addition, educational institutions would accommodate individuals according to their financial abilities and not academic abilities. This would compromise the standards of education as the brighter students without the ability to fund their education are segregated. Increased fees are thus undesirable because it would lead to a decline in UKs educational standards. The fee increment would have various effects on the economy. For instance, it would lead to a rise in the level of poverty. With the increased fees, middleclass parents would have to spend more on educating their children hence running out of resources. Johnes Johnes (2004, P 200) assert that the economy would be retarded by their reduced contribution in its growth. The overall effect of the decline in middleclass individuals would be poor living conditions in the economy. On the positive side, the economy would be boosted as the poor students access education courtesy of richer students. It is likely to lead to a better economy as illiteracy is eliminated. This means more individuals would be able to contribute to economic growth after being employed. In conclusion, an increase in higher education fees came into place after the government passed a proposal on amending higher education fees. The increment led to the emergence of views both in support and against the move to increase higher education fees. Those in support for the increase claim that it would help poor students access education because richer students cover them. In addition, they hold that it would lead to a reduction in taxes because taxpayers would be charged a lesser amount to contribute towards education. They assert that the increment would lead to increased investments by the institutions. This will ensure that UK institutions rank among the worlds best. Those against the increment assert that middleclass parents would be negatively affected, as they would be required to spend more. There is nobody to cover them. This would lead to increased levels of poverty. Increments would compromise the education standards in the UK as the focus shifts towards money inst ead of education. The overall effects of this are that there could be increased poverty in the economy as middleclass parents grapple to provide for their children. Buy custom Higher Education Fees in the UK essay

How to Write Your Graduate School Admissions Essay

How to Write Your Graduate School Admissions Essay The admissions essay is often the least well-understood part of the graduate school application yet it is critical to your admissions success. The graduate admissions essay or personal statement is your chance to distinguish yourself  from other applicants and let the admissions committee know you apart from your GPA and GRE scores. Your admissions essay can be the deciding factor in whether you are accepted or rejected by a graduate school. Therefore, it is necessary that you write an essay that is honest, interesting, and well organized. How well you structure and organize your application essay can determine your fate. A well-written essay tells the admissions committee that you have the capacity to write coherently, think logically, and do well in grad school. Format your essay to include an introduction, a body, and a concluding paragraph. Essays are often written in response to prompts posed by the grad school. Regardless, organization is key to your success. Introduction: The introduction is the most important part of the essay, especially the first sentence. The first sentence introduces your essay and a bad introduction, in person or in writing, is detrimental to your admissions chances.The first sentence should be unique and compelling, possibly thought provoking or attention-grabbing.First sentences may explain your desire to study the subject of interest or discuss the motivation that influenced your desire to study the subject of interest. State it in a creative manner.The sentences following the first sentence should provide a brief explanation that supports the claim stated in the first sentence.Your goal for the introduction is to entice the reader to continue beyond the first paragraph. The Body: The body includes several paragraphs that provide detailed evidence to support the statements made in the introductory paragraph.Each paragraph should have a transition, which starts each paragraph with a topic statement that will be the theme of that paragraph. This gives the reader a heads up of whats to come. Transitions connect paragraphs to preceding paragraphs, enabling the essay to flow smoothly.Each paragraph should have a resolution, which ends each paragraph with a meaningful sentence that provides a transition to the next paragraph.Experiences, accomplishments or any other evidence that can support your claims should be included in the body. Future goals should also be mentioned in the body.A short summary of your educational background can be discussed in the 1st paragraph of the body.Personal experiences and the reasons for wanting to attend the school can be discussed in the 2nd paragraph.Do not simply repeat what was stated in the application.The last paragraph can exp lain why you are a good match for the program. Conclusion: The conclusion is the last paragraph of the essay.State the key points mentioned in the body, such as your experiences or accomplishments, that explain your interest in the subject. State it in a conclusive and brief manner.Convey your fit to the specific graduate program and field. Your essay should include detail, be personal, and specific. The purpose of the graduate admissions essay is to show the admission committee what makes you unique and different from other applicants. Your job is to display your distinct personality and provide evidence that confirms your passion, desire, and, especially, fit for the subject and the program.

Autobiographical Statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Autobiographical Statement - Essay Example ects of these on families at close quarters in my native land, I was determined to get a good education and get a slice of the good things in life for myself and my family. I was born in Sierra Leone, West Africa, one of the poorest countries of the world, but blessed to have a mother endowed with the grit and determination to make a better life for herself and her family. My mother brought the family over to the US in 1990 on a Certified Nursing Assistant paycheck. I was brought up by parents who are not educated, but who worked very hard and over time set up a small grocery store and restaurant. My mother’s life reminds me of a story she told me as a child about an ant who kept trying to carry a sugar cube to its den, and failed so many times but never gave up trying till it finally succeeded. I think the story is an inspiration to me even today and I go back to remembering my mother telling me the story and how it probably gave her strength in her periods of crisis. I am a single parent to two daughters. After the birth of my first daughter in 1999, I enrolled at St. Paul Community College in St. Paul, Minnesota. However, I was forced to drop out because I got no support or cooperation from my husband. I have had the misfortune of going through a traumatic relationship with an abusive and domineering husband, who would not allow me to finish college. After five years of physical, emotional and mental abuse, I decided to move to California to get away from him. In 2004, I put myself through Beauty College, completing the 1600 hours required by the state of California. In the same year, I passed my State Board Exam and became a licensed Cosmetologist. I got a job with Fantastic Sam for a couple of years while attending El Camino College in Torrance, California. In the year 2006, I plunged headlong into business. I opened my own hair salon in Gardena, CA. At first it was a wonderful feeling being my own boss and setting my own hours, working hard and studying

Should Gay Marriage Be Legalized Research Paper

Should Gay Marriage Be Legalized - Research Paper Example Each person is entitled to the same thing as everyone else. Along those same lines, marriage, and the rights of homosexual couples should be regarded in the same way. The only thing that sets these people apart from others is their sexual orientation. If they were to be denied the same rights of heterosexual couples because of their sexual orientation, then, as Americans, we would be risking coming off as liars and being prejudice. Furthermore, our country embraces diversity, and by denying one group privileges that they should be entitled to, we are denying our country the chance to really shine as a diverse, open-minded country.Unfortunately, the debate for legalizing gay marriage goes much further than how we are viewed as a country, going against our own morals. As aforementioned, civil and equal rights play huge roles in approving of gay couples to become married. Homosexual couples are being denied what should rightfully be theirs (Lauricella, 2010). There really is no law, suc h as in the Constitution, that states that a homosexual couple cannot married. While states may have it in their constitutions to not recognize same-sex marriage, the United States, as a whole, has nothing to state the same. Therefore, the concept of legalizing gay marriage can be done on a state-by-state basis, as the country’s Constitution is already open for it. This is where the trouble comes in, however. Some states are open for gay marriage, but others are not. There are homosexual couples that can marry in one state, though others that may not be allowed to marry in another state.   The equality is there, just not spread out enough.Other issues that exist because of gay marriage debates are the rights that homosexual couples have, or do not have. There are some states that not only allow and recognize gay marriages but allow those couples the same rights as heterosexual couples. The few states that offer civil unions, however, do not recognize these rights for the ho mosexual couples.

Plasma Donation Essay -- Observational Essays

Plasma Donation Save a life, donate plasma! Plasma donation is a process many college students pursue in the efforts to make a sort of supplementary income while attending school. However, many other people in society do not know what all plasma donation entails. This essay will discuss the many aspects and details that the plasma donation process involves. These details include the donor’s waiting time and check-in, the donation process itself, and finally the finishing touches of the donation process. Plasma donation begins with the individual arriving at the Biolife Plasma Center. Upon arrival the person signs themselves in via clipboard or computer. Then after sign-in the individual is seated amongst many other potential donors awaiting their name to be called so they may advance in the donation cycle. Eventually, a nurse calls the individuals name, and directs them toward the front desk. Here they will be weighed on an electronic scale, and also at have their finger pricked with a small punch. This punch makes a small inci! sion in the index finger, that allows a sample of blood to be squeezed into a small straw-like tube. This blood sample is then taken to the small laboratory to be tested for efficiency, while the potential donor is taken to a small cubicle to answer a series of questions involving their immunization history. After the questioning session ends the individual is once again seated in the waiting area until their name is called over the intercom system. Pending normal test results on the blood sample, the donor will be summoned to the donor floor. Here the donation process will finally begin. The individual has now become a donor, for their test results have all come back and fallen within the normal rang... ...donor is able to collect their payment. The donor reports once again to the desk, where they are paid and have their left middle finger dabbed with a substance that will appear under ultraviolet light. This is done to ! prohibit the donor from going to another facility to give plasma. This is the official end of the donation experience. Whether it be helping others that need a blood transfusion, or a supplemental source of income, donating plasma is an extravagant process that takes more effort than the normal citizen realizes. Previously I have explained the entirety of the donation procedure, including the waiting room ordeal, the donating, and then the end stages of the process. This information was presented so that others curious about plasma donation can vicariously live the donation process, and get a feel for what really goes on in the Biolife Plasma Center.

The Bluest Eye-Theme of Vision

Toni Morrison’s highly acclaimed debut work, The Bluest Eye, is one of unquestionable beauty and intricately woven prose. As a fictional writer, Morrison avails herself of her literary faculties, using her mastery of description in order to convey an unusually lucid picture to the reader. The five senses seem to envelop a great deal of description in the novel, most notably that of sight. As has been discovered by virtue of studying the brain’s neural and cognitive machinery, vision occupies large regions of the brain.Although in a more abstract sense, vision’s disproportionate influence on the narrative and the story’s characters is greatly manifested in The Bluest Eye. One powerful way in which vision dictates many aspects of the novel is through the concept of aesthetic beauty. Throughout the novel, Morrison paints a detailed depiction of how African-Americans, especially young, amenable girls, are subject to the conventional indoctrination of beauty.So ciety has taught them to equate white with beautiful, and to go to considerable lengths to â€Å"whiten† themselves, such as in the case of women like Geraldine, who is described as sugar-brown in skin tone: â€Å"†¦they never cover the entire mouth for fear of lips too thick, and they worry, worry, worry about the edges of their hair† (83). Geraldine even goes as far as to inculcate this physical selfloathing in her own son, Junior: â€Å"†¦his hair was cut as close to his scalp as possible to avoid any suggestion of wool, the part was etched into his hair by the barber† (87).Any manifestations of stereotypical racial features, such as full lips and â€Å"wool-textured† hair are carefully concealed in an effort to adhere to the white ideal of what is beautiful. In the town of Lorain, Ohio, subliminal and implicit messages emphasizing whiteness as superior are found everywhere, and seemingly impossible to ignore. The quintessential white baby do ll given to Claudia as a present, romanticism of Shirley Temple, the exaltation of the light-skinned Maureen, idealization of white female actresses in movies, and Pauline’s nurturing of the little white girl are a few examples of the ways in which hese hypnotic images invade the vulnerable consciousness’ of the African-American women and young girls in the story. Adult women, having matured into consummate self-loathers, detesting the bodies in which they were born, express their hatred by taking it out on their own children: Mrs. Breedlove adopts the conviction that her daughter is ugly, and Geraldine curses Pecola’s blackness. The idea that ugliness is in fact a state of mind is presented early on in the book when illustrating the Breedlove family: â€Å"Mrs. Breedlove, Sammy Breedlove, and Pecola Breedlove—wore their ugliness† (38).This sentence provides an implication that the Breedlove’s ugliness was a result of deliberate choice. The narrator then continues on, observing, â€Å"You looked at them and wondered why they were so ugly; you looked closely and could not find the source† (39). In saying this, one can elicit that the members of the Breedlove family are not inherently ugly, rather they are driven to believe that they are and that they deserve to be, convincing those that look upon them that they are ugly. The Breedlove’s sense of physical insecurity emanates outwardly, and causes others to see them in the way they want to be seen.For one reason or another, being viewed with contempt for their appearance benefits them in some way. For Mrs. Breedlove, her ugliness is used for purposes of â€Å"martyrdom,† for Sammy, it is used to inflict â€Å"pain,† and for Pecola, it is used as a â€Å"mask† to hide behind. In the vein of vision, a recurring motif that is discernable in The Bluest Eye is seeing versus being seen. Many characters in the novel, most frequently, Pecola, ex press feelings of being disregarded and invisible when interacting or in the vicinity of white people.In the passage about the Breedlove’s living situation, they are described as living in â€Å"anonymous† misery. The fact that they paradoxically live in anonymity despite being exposed to passersby on the street, introduces this prevailing theme. Conceivably one of the most memorable scenes that addresses this subject is when Mrs. Breedlove recounts giving birth. In referring to the doctors, she says, â€Å"They never said nothing to me. Only one looked at me. Looked at my face, I mean. I looked right back at him. He dropped his eyes and turned red. He knowed, I reckon, that maybe I weren’t no horse foaling† (125).By refusing to make eye contact with her and acknowledge her, the doctors, in a way, dehumanize her. She sees them, but they do not see her. They treat her as though she is an animal, rather than a sentient human being, and although uneducated, Mrs. Breedlove is perceptive enough to notice this. She believes that if they were to lock eyes with her, they would realize something unpleasant: that she is no different from the white patients. With regard to invisibility, the early scene with Pecola in the candy shop also seems to be particularly telling.In speaking of Mr. Yacobowski, it says, â€Å"†¦he senses that he need not waste the effort of a glance. He does not see her, because for him there is nothing to see. How can a fifty-two-year-old white immigrant store-keeper†¦ see a little black girl? (48). What can be gathered from this is that the man, to some degree, has made a conscious choice not to look at her, not because he is physically incapable of doing so, but because he considers someone of her skin color insignificant, and not worth the energy necessary for acknowledgment.This theme underscores the difference between how one sees and how one is seen, also differentiates between superficial sight and real insight. Pecola’s desire for blue eyes is undoubtedly essential to examine when considering the power and impact of vision in the novel. Pecola is consumed with the thought of having blue eyes because she believes that they would be the simple panacea for everything that is unpleasant in her life. She is convinced that they will alter the way she is seen by others, and therefore the way that she sees the world around her.To Pecola, blue eyes and happiness, are inextricably linked. In a way, too, they represent her own blindness, since she attains them at the expense of her sanity. In addition, she has the understanding that if she had â€Å"beautiful† eyes, people would not think it right to do ugly things in front of her or to her: â€Å"Maybe they’d say, ‘Why, look at pretty-eyed Pecola. We mustn’t do bad things in front of those pretty eyes’† (46). She believes that the cruelty she is exposed to is somehow intertwined with how she is seen.Her insight is confirmed when Maureen steps in while being teased by the boys at school. Upon arrival, it seems that Maureen’s beautiful gaze causes the boys not to want to act badly. One character in The Bluest Eye that stands out against the rest as being one of the few individuals who can see clearly, and through an unadulterated lens is Claudia. Her clarity of vision is in part due to the fact that it is not marred by pain, like Pecola’s is. In the beginning of her narrative, she talks about how she has not yet reached the stage in adolescence where love turns to self-hatred.She is different from others girls her age because she does not strive to emulate them, at the loss of her well-being. When she receives the doll, she describes her impulse to dismember it: â€Å"I had only one desire: to dismember it. To see what it was made, to discover the dearness, to find the beauty, the desirability that had escaped me, but apparently only me† (20). In her childlike naiveness, she does not realize that the beauty everyone praises the dolls for does not come from within, but instead, is on the surface. She wants to take apart the doll in the hopes that she will unearth the inner secret to its beauty.At least at this point, she is unaware of what society has narrow-mindedly deemed beautiful. Near the end of the story, when she and her sister are talking about Pecola’s pregnancy, she imagines the unborn baby as beautiful in its blackness, indicating that she does not embody the impressionable mindset typical of other women in the book. The Bluest Eye is one of the most profound examples in modern literature that attests to the ability of vision in impacting the way in which people perceive the world and are perceived by others.The novel repeatedly brings to attention the malleability of human sight, and its vulnerability to distortion through the lens of hatred, love, bigotry, and racism. Even in the title of Morrison’s wor k, one can learn a substantial amount about the intrinsic role vision plays in the story. The word ‘eye’ in the title is singular rather than plural, suggesting the negative implications on the individual by society’s white tunnel vision in relation to concepts of beauty and approval. In addition, the double meaning of ‘eye’ and ‘I’ strongly emphasizes the significance of vision in the grand scheme of the novel.

Managerial Accounting John Deere Component Works Essay

Managerial Accounting: John Deere Component Works John Deere Component Works (JDCW), subdivision of John Deere and Co. was in charged specifically of the manufacturing of tractor component parts. The demand for JDCW’s products had problems due to the collapse of farmland value and commodity prices. Numerous and constant failures in JDCW’s competition for bids, alerted top management to start questioning their current costing methods. As an outcome, the analysis has to be guided to research on the current costing methods with the intention of establishing legitimacy and to help the company in adopting a more appropriate costing system. Q1. How did the competitive environment change for John Deere Company between the 1970 and 1980?†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ This cost method does not provide the best system for JDCW’s cost allocation. By using only three overhead rates the present system grossly undermines the true production costs since other activities of the production process are not acknowledged. †¢ The system also fails to compute material usage variances, which only further discredits the accuracy of the accounting cost structure. For more accurate measure of material usage, the quality assurance department must include this variance calculation in its weekly report. †¢ A further weakness is that the accounting department issues reports that only indicate how each area operates, rather than evaluating the performance of each area, which would prevent a constriction in cost efficiency. These weaknesses prevent JDCW from accurately accessing its true costs. Q3. How were the limitations of the existing cost system overcome by the ABC Cost System? What are the implications of the ABC system? Essentially, with the current cost system, the managerial analysis is highly flawed due to a lack of crucial in-depth cost information, as indicated by: 1) JDCW already had three cost pools with appropriate cost drivers for each; 2) JDCW distinguished variable (direct) and non-variable (period) overhead; 3) JDCW did not fall in the trap of charging under-capacity utilization out to current production levels (i.e., they used normal volume in the denominators of theirShow MoreRelatedJohn Deere Component Works Essay1171 Words   |  5 PagesCASE ANALYSIS REPORT Managerial Accounting: John Deere Component Works. John Deere Component Works (JDCW), subdivision of John Deere and Co. was in charged specifically of the manufacturing of tractor component parts. The demand for JDCW’s products had problems due to the collapse of farmland value and commodity prices. 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The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document.] compaq [Type the company name] [Pick the date] Contents Concept of Cost Accounting†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦03 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..03 Traditional costing v/s activity based costing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..04 Need for an Activity Based Costing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦06 Stages in Activity Based Costing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreRoles of Information Technology in Purchasing8283 Words   |  34 PagesChapter 3 Purchasing and e-Procurement 3.1 The Role of Purchasing 3.1.1 Introduction to purchasing The role of purchasing is to obtain raw material, components, parts, as well as information that are needed for the production of goods or providing services. The purchasing process includes many aspects, such as request for quotation (RFQ), supplier market analysis, supplier selection, contract negotiations, and purchase plan implementation. The purchase function plays a liaison role between variousRead MoreCooper and Kaplan8171 Words   |  33 PagesRobert S. Kaplan, How Cost Accounting Systematically Distorts Product Costs, Management Accounting (April 1988), pp. 20-27. A more comprehensive explanation of the impact of diversity and complexity on indirect costs was presented in the series (k Journal dfCoat Management articles by Roltnn Cooper, The Rise ofActivity-Based Cost Systems: Parts I-IV (Summer 1988, Pall 1988, Winter 1989, and Spring 1989). ^See, for example, Robert S. Kaplan, John Deere Component Works (A) and ( B), HBS Cases # 9-187-107